Who invented the transistor5/2/2023 ![]() Photo: William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain work at Bell Labs in the late 1940s. Although Julius Edgar Lilienfeld successfully. Bardeen became a professor at the University of Illinois in 1951, and he shared a second Nobel Prize in Physics in 1972, for the first successful explanation of superconductivity. The invention of the first working transistor set the stage for all subsequent solid-state device developments. It was easily portable, measuring just five inches high, and used four transistors. It featured a gold dial and was available in a variety of colors. On October 18, 1954, they released the Regency TR-1 just in time for the Christmas shopping season. Shockley left Bell Labs and founded Shockley Semiconductor in Mountain View, California - one of the early high-tech companies in what would later become Silicon Valley.īrattain remained a fellow at Bell Labs. Texas Instruments built the transistors and the Regency division of I.D.E.A. Shockley, Bardeen and Brattain shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for the transistor, but the trio never worked together after the first few months of their initial creation of the transistor. The invention revolutionized the world of electronics and became the basic building block upon which all modern computer technology rests. ![]() The transistor as a physical device dates from 1947 a. To answer it, the immediate answer is Walter Brattain,John Bardeen and William Shockley, who all worked at the Bell Labs in the 1940s. The transistor went on to replace bulky vacuum tubes and mechanical relays. Answer (1 of 5): Ooh, now this is an excellent question and we ought to see more like it, so well done you. In early 1948, he came up with the bipolar or junction transistor, a superior device that took over from the point-contact type.īell Labs publicly announced the first transistor at a press conference in New York on June 30, 1948. Shockley continued to work on the idea and refine it. Shockley was reported to have called it "a magnificent Christmas present." But Shockley himself was not present when it happened and was said to be bitter over losing out on that day. Also known as the " little plastic triangle," it became the first working solid-state amplifier.īardeen and Brattain demonstrated the transistor device to Bell Lab officials Dec. A spokesman claimed that "it may have far-reaching significance in electronics and electrical communication." Despite its delicate mechanical construction, many thousands of units were produced in a metal cartridge package as the Bell Labs "Type A" transistor.The final design of a point-contact transistorhad two gold contacts lightly touching a germanium crystal that was on a metal plate connected to a voltage source. Named the "transistor" by electrical engineer John Pierce, Bell Labs publicly announced the revolutionary solid-state device at a press conference in New York on June 30, 1948. On December 23 they demonstrated their device to lab officials - in what Shockley deemed "a magnificent Christmas present." The voltage on one contact modulated the current flowing through the other, amplifying the input signal up to 100 times. Who invented the Transistor The Transistor was invented by John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley, who all worked at Bell Labs, the American. Bardeen and Brattain applied two closely-spaced gold contacts held in place by a plastic wedge to the surface of a small slab of high-purity germanium. ![]() In other words, it is a switching device which regulates and amplify the electrical signal. The words trans mean transfer property and istor mean resistance property offered to the junctions. ![]() On December 16, 1947, their research culminated in the first successful semiconductor amplifier. Definition: The transistor is a semiconductor device which transfers a weak signal from low resistance circuit to high resistance circuit. With experimental physicist Walter Brattain, Bardeen began researching the behavior of these "surface states." A year later theoretical physicist John Bardeen suggested that electrons on the semiconductor surface might be blocking penetration of electric fields into the material, negating any effects. That April he conceived a "field-effect" amplifier and switch based on the germanium and silicon technology developed during the war, but it failed to work as intended. Among other things, this group pursued research on semiconductor replacements for unreliable vacuum tubes and electromechanical switches then used in the Bell Telephone System. Encouraged by Executive Vice President Mervin Kelly, William Shockley returned from wartime assignments in early 1945 to begin organizing a solid-state physics group at Bell Labs. ![]()
0 Comments
Music math ties in music worksheets5/2/2023 ![]() ![]()
Photox of lake powell5/2/2023 ![]() ![]() Physical and hydrologic connectivity among river‐reservoir ecosystem (RRE) segments, including the river, river‐reservoir interface (RRI), and reservoir, requires consideration of management at larger spatial scales. Water storage decisions provided variability and management flexibility, but water storage was less important when less water was available, highlighting the importance of keeping water in the system to provide flexibility for achieving ecosystem goals. Warmer river temperatures associated with low reservoir levels are likely, creating suitable conditions for non‐native species of concern, such as smallmouth bass. Projected reservoir levels limited environmental flow delivery and increased fragmentation regardless of where water was stored if consumptive use was not limited. We compared current water management operations to prioritizing storage in either Lake Mead or Lake Powell combined with three levels of consumptive use. Ecosystem management metrics included the ability to implement designer flows, temperature suitability for fishes, and fragmentation. ![]() We used projected hydrology and river temperatures to compare the outcome of combinations of water storage scenarios and consumptive use limits on metrics associated with ecosystem management of the Colorado River in Grand Canyon. These decisions have the potential to limit riverine ecosystem management options through the effect water‐supply decisions have on reservoir elevations. In response, decisions about how much water should be stored in large reservoirs and how much water can be consumptively used will be necessary. Drought has impacted the Colorado River basin for the past 20 years and is predicted to continue. ![]() Canigo hotel5/2/2023 ![]() ![]() need accommodation to attend a funeral or related commemorative event. ![]() unable to return to your main residence.People are currently only allowed to travel for a small number of reasons as laid out below: This also includes staying with anyone who you do not live with unless they are in your support bubble." "This includes staying in a second home or caravan, if that is not your primary residence. This means that holidays in the UK and abroad are not allowed. The government website states: "You cannot leave your home or the place where you are living for holidays or overnight stays unless you have a reasonable excuse for doing so. It is currently not permitted for anyone to go on holiday abroad or within the UK, or to stay somewhere overnight that is not their home without a "valid reason". You can stay up to date on the top news and events near you with CornwallLive’s FREE newsletters – enter your email address at the top of the page. Here are the answers to some frequently asked questions. When can I go on holiday within the UK? The key question that remains for many regular staycationers that have been hauled up at home for some time now.Īs it stands, anyone in England who travels abroad without good reason could soon be fined £5,000 as part of a new coronavirus law being introduced on Monday, and anyone wishing to travel domestically in England needs a "reasonable excuse" for doing so.īut we do now have a clear idea of when people might be able to start planning a holiday domestically within the UK from the dates laid out in the Government's roadmap. ![]() Serial cloner 2.6.1 download5/2/2023 ![]() ![]() ![]() Coronaviruses (CoVs) all reproduce with conserved replication strategies, emphasizing the strength and rapidly adaptable potential of a vaccine design platform that takes advantage of this biology. These highly pathogenic variants are prime models for the development of broad-based strategies for evaluating live virus vaccines for the Nidovirales order. The emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in the 21st century emphasizes the threat of pandemic viral infections originating from cross-species transmission events 9, 10, 11. ![]() However, their utility as broadly applicable vaccine platforms has long been limited by risks of reversion of attenuated vaccine strains to virulence, largely because the stability of the attenuation cannot be clearly evaluated or assured. Live-attenuated vaccines, because they can elicit balanced innate and adaptive-and often lifelong-protective immune responses, including lactogenic immunity, are ideal candidates for vaccine development in humans and animals 1. Vaccines are well established in their capacity to reduce viral disease burden. In fact, a recent study recognized that the majority of emerging infectious disease events have origins in wildlife 3, 8, underscoring the importance of developing broadly applicable strategies for vaccine design for virus families that are harbored within extensive zoonotic pools. With the continued encroachment of human populations into animal habitats and our close contact with domesticated animals, zoonoses will continue to increase as the human and livestock population numbers and density expand over the next century. The incidence of human zoonotic disease is estimated to surpass 1 billion cases per year, with novel emerging infectious diseases accruing hundreds of billions of dollars in economic losses 7, 8, losses that are greatly magnified when new emerging viruses such as coronaviruses (CoVs) devastate economically critical livestock populations across the globe. In summary, rewiring the TRN is a feasible strategy for limiting reversion in an effective live-attenuated coronavirus vaccine candidate that is potentially portable across the Nidovirales order.Įmerging and re-emerging zoonotic viral diseases are major threats to global human health, economic stability, and national security 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. While a 3-nt rewired TRN reverts via second-site mutation upon serial passage, a 7-nt rewired TRN is more stable, suggesting that a more extensively rewired TRN might be essential for avoiding growth selection. The TRN-rewired viruses are attenuated and protect against lethal SARS-CoV challenge. Here, we show that coronaviruses with completely rewired transcription regulatory networks (TRNs) are effective vaccines against SARS-CoV. Because of their history of emergence events due to their prevalence in zoonotic pools, designing live-attenuated coronavirus vaccines that can be rapidly and broadly implemented is essential for outbreak preparedness. Vaccines are key for reducing coronaviral disease burden however, the utility of live-attenuated vaccines is limited by risks of reversion or repair. We will collect all comments in an effort to determine whether the Serial Cloner software is reliable, perform as expected and deliver the promised features and functionalities.Emerging and re-emerging zoonotic viral diseases are major threats to global health, economic stability, and national security. Please review Serial Cloner application and submit your comments below. ![]() We will recheck Serial Cloner when updated to assure that it remains clean. Serial Cloner has been tested by our team against viruses, spyware, adware, trojan, backdoors and was found to be 100% clean. Serial Cloner was filed under the Math category and was reviewed in and receive 5/5 Score. The download file is only 17.6 MB MB in size. To conclude Serial Cloner works on Mac OS operating system and can be easily downloaded using the below download link according to Demo license. Developed to read and write DNA Strider-compatible files can also Serial Cloner import or export files in FASTA format. Serial Cloner provides support for handling features and annotations, so users can easily annotate any sequence portion or use the automatic scan for detecting common features. Serial Cloner is a powerful molecular biology utility that allows you to assist in sequence analysis, DNA cloning and sequence visualization. Serial Cloner for Mac, Provides tools with an intuitive interface that assists you in DNA cloning, sequence analysis and visualization ![]() Leos fortune ending5/1/2023 ![]() ![]() Though it's a minor quibble, Leo's lack of emotion is indicative of a larger issue in the game-despite stunning graphics and environments, Leo's Fortune lacks any sense of urgency or personality. Other than mild crankiness and a few rambling monologues, gamers won't spend much time getting to know Leo, or his reason for floating through the game's bite-sized levels. ![]() After a brief intro complete with melodramatic narration, the threadbare plot is apparent: The protagonist is a fuzzy blob named Leo, and someone has taken his sizable fortune.Īs the story unfolds, the user is given obvious clues as to which members of Leo's unscrupulous kin is responsible for the theft, slowly turning Leo's indifferent, mustachioed countenance into something slightly more perturbed.īut that's about it. Right from the outset, users know what they can expect. It's also a great time, in spite of itself. Okay, maybe I'm dumbing it down a bit, but Leo's Fortune is a brief, beautiful, yet derivative journey down gaming's memory lane. "He will have a distinguished voice and be subjected to physics, insta-deaths, and countless side-scroller tropes for a few hours of game time. "Someone close to him is stealing his gold coins, yet leaving them in a straight line through nonsensical environments." ![]() "Let's make the protagonist a bluish fuzzball…" I visualize a group of indie game hotshots sitting around a table, coming up with a concept for the world's next killer platformer. I can only imagine the initial creative meetings for Leo's Fortune. WTF: Someone on the dev team said, "You know what this inflatable bathmat needs? Ron Swanson's mustache." LOW: It's one minecart short of being a platform parody. ![]() Novel writing challenge5/1/2023 ![]() ![]() It was named to the Booker Prize shortlist and the National Book Awards longlist. Like “The Overstory,” “Bewilderment” is not just a work of fiction but also a commentary on humans’ relationship with the Earth and other species. Used with permission of the publisher, W. To escape, the two explore imaginary planets together in their minds.Įxcerpted from Bewilderment: A Novel. A Trumpian president is claiming election fraud, wild species are disappearing at an alarming rate, and extreme weather events are worsening. Even when you aren’t writing, you are thinking about your book. Your mind begins working on your book project. It tells the story of a young boy and his father who are both dismayed at the state of the world. When you decide to take on a 30-day writing challenge, like National Nonfiction Writing Month (NaNonFiWriMo)the Write Nonfiction in November Challengeor during National Novel Writing Month (NaNoWriMo), a similar thing happens. ![]() Powers returns now with “Bewilderment,” his next novel. “The problem is, I wrote a book that asked a very hard question, which is, why are we so lost and how can we possibly get back? I thought, now you’ve asked the question, why not write a story about what that change would look like?” ![]() Why do we have this idea that artists have to keep going?” he said. “I was thinking, maybe this is it, maybe I’ve earned the right to just enjoy the woods. The response to the book was overwhelming and draining… The book, Powers’ twelfth novel, earned him literary fame and a Pulitzer Prize. But he told The New York Times that after the success of “The Overstory,” he considered retiring from writing novels. The latter protects the former, but only a few of the former protect the latter. In “The Overstory,” novelist Richard Powers told an engrossing, multigenerational tale of the relationship between humans and trees. ![]() Ivcd pattern5/1/2023 ![]() ![]() They used data from the Korean Acute Heart Failure registry 7) with 5,157 patients. Authors suggest that NICD was associated with an increased risk of 1-year mortality, whereas the prognostic impacts of LBBB/RBBB was limited compared to previous studies. 6) analyzed data from the Korean Acute Heart Failure registry and investigated prognostic impact of NICD and compared 1-year all-cause mortality of patient with NICD to those of patients with RBBB, LBBB, and normal QRS duration. Additionally, relatively sparse data are available on the comparison of the prognosis of LBBB, right bundle branch block (RBBB), NICD and narrow QRS in the same cohort with AHF. 5) Despite its considerable prevalence, the prognostic impact of NICD in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) has not been well evaluated and compared with that of typical bundle branch blocks (BBBs), especially in East Asia. 4) The prevalence of NICD was reported in 3.8–5.8% of heart failure (HF) patients with reduced ejection fraction. 3) Furthermore, nonspecific intraventricular conduction disturbance (NICD) in an ECG is associated with increased mortality and a markedly elevated risk of sudden arrhythmic death in a general population. ![]() 2) In hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, prolonged QRS duration predicted all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and identified patients at higher risk for sudden cardiac death. 1) For patients with coronary artery disease plus depressed ventricular function and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, QRS prolongation resulting from left bundle branch block (LBBB) or intraventricular conduction disturbance (IVCD) has been associated with a 50% increase in the risk of both arrhythmic and total mortality. It has long been recognized that when associated with heart disease, prolonged QRS duration in an ECG is an independent predictor of adverse outcome. ![]() Delayed intraventricular conduction is a common clinical abnormality detected on the electrocardiogram (ECG). ![]() Gladys knight songs5/1/2023 ![]() ![]() Patti LaBelle, “Feels Like Another One” feat.Patti LaBelle & Michael McDonald, “On My Own”.Gladys Knight & the Pips, “I’ve Got to Use My Imagination”.Gladys Knight & the Pips, “You’re Number One (In My Book)”.Patti LaBelle, “Somebody Loves You Baby (You Know Who It Is)” List of songs by Gladys Knight Gladys Knight artistfacts Gladys Knight Song list Every Beat of My Heart (1961) Just a Little (2015) More Songfacts: Let's Dance David Bowie Stevie Ray Vaughan played lead guitar on the David Bowie song 'Let's Dance.Gladys Knight & the Pips, “Neither One of Us (Wants to Be the First to Say Goodbye)”.Gladys Knight & the Pips, “Friendship Train”.Gladys Knight, “Someone to Watch Over Me” Brenda Knight, Langston George The Way We Were / Try to Remember (1974) Neither One of Us (Wants to Be the First to Say Goodbye) (1972) Who Is She (And What.Patti LaBelle, “Love, Need and Want You”.Gladys Knight & the Pips, “Midnight Train to Georgia”.The band came with more successful songs like ‘Imagination in 1973 and three gold singles I’ve Got to Use My Imagination. Gladys Knight & The Pips top songs 1, Midnight Train to Georgia 2, Best Thing That Ever Happened to Me 3, Baby Dont Change Your Mind 4, Neither One of Us (. She was born in Oglethorpe, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Likewise, the American singer is 77 years old at the moment. Patti LaBelle, “If You Don’t Know Me By Now” Gladys Knight was born in the year 1944 and celebrates her birthday on the 28th of May every year.Patti LaBelle, “When You’ve Been Blessed (Feels Like Heaven)”.Your Currency: The Most popular sheet music, piano. Learn Best Thing That Ever Happened To Me sheet music in minutes. Gladys Knight & the Pips, “Every Beat of My Heart” Download Gladys Knight & The Pips Best Thing That Ever Happened To Me sheet music notes and printable PDF score is arranged for Lead Sheet / Fake Book.Gladys Knight & the Pips, “Make Yours a Happy Home”.Gladys Knight & the Pips, “You’re the Best Thing That Ever Happened to Me”.Check out all the songs from Patti LaBelle and Gladys Knight's 'Verzuz' battle below: Verzuz has recently hosted face-offs between Brandy and Monica, 2 Chainz and Rick Ross, DMX and Snoop Dogg, and more. The two iconic soul singers took turns performing some of their classic hits as well as reminiscing on their storied careers.ĭionne Warwick also made a surprise appearance to perform her famous hit, “That’s What Friends Are For,” as well as joining LaBell and Knight for a rendition of “Superwoman.” 13, music legends Patti LaBelle and Gladys Knight went head-to-head in the latest installment of Timbaland and Swizz Beatz’s Verzuz series. ** Single print order can either print or save as PDF.On Sunday, Sept. If the icon is greyed then these notes can not be transposed. Please check "notes" icon for transpose options. * Where transpose of Licence To Kill sheet music available ( not all our notes can be transposed) & prior to print. Be careful to transpose first then print (or save as PDF). If your desired notes are transposable, you will be able to transpose them after purchase. ![]() If you selected -1 Semitone for score originally in C, transposition into B would be made. ![]() ![]() This means if the composers started the song in original key of the score is C, 1 Semitone means transposition into C#. If it is completely white simply click on it and the following options will appear: Original, 1 Semitione, 2 Semitnoes, 3 Semitones, -1 Semitone, -2 Semitones, -3 Semitones. You can do this by checking the bottom of the viewer where a "notes" icon is presented. Gladys Maria Knight (born in Atlanta, Georgia) is a legendary American R&B/soul singer and actress. Most of our scores are traponsosable, but not all of them so we strongly advise that you check this prior to making your online purchase. If not, the notes icon will remain grayed. I’ve Got To Use My Imagination Gladys Knight & the Pips’ debut album with Buddha Records produced a clutch of hits. If transposition is available, then various semitones transposition options will appear. In 1975, Gladys Knight & the Pips turned it into a Top 40 hit when they made it into a medley with Barbra Streisand’s The Way We Were. In order to transpose click the "notes" icon at the bottom of the viewer. After you complete your order, you will receive an order confirmation e-mail where a download link will be presented for you to obtain the notes. Midnight Train to Georgia Album Version Track Image. Your Currency: The Most popular sheet music, piano notes & chords Online. Steve Zegree) sheet music notes and printable PDF score is arranged for SAB Choir. This week we are giving away Michael Buble 'It's a Wonderful Day' score completely free. I Heard It Through The Grapevine Single Version Track Image. Download Gladys Knight & The Pips Midnight Train To Georgia (arr. ![]() Email obfuscator ascii5/1/2023 ![]() single digit) pads a “0” before outputting the number. A RequestProcessor filter to automatically obfuscate all visible email addresses in all HTML output via the ContentController by replacing them with an encoded (switching between ASCII & hexadecimal) version. It converts the input string into an array of characters, cast into an array of integers, and pipes these into another ForEach-Object loop that subtracts the number 32 from each and if the result is less than 9 (i.e. Line 2 is a variant of what I created earlier. Also, I put the expression as $($_.Length-1) because if I don’t do that PowerShell expands $_ into a string and then tacks “.Length-1” to it as another string. And I get the length of the input text via $_.Length (this is why I put the whole block within a ForEach-Object loop as that’s the only way to make $_ variable available). Only point to note is I escape the $ symbols with a backtick ( `) so they don’t get interpreted as variables. ![]() These two lines are pretty straight-forward. Line 3 outputs the part of the final code that starts where the digits end (just after the right bracket) and goes all the way up to -replace " ". Line 1 outputs the part of the final code that starts with a and ends at the beginning of the series of digits (just before the left bracket). These techniques are in use by a large number of threat organizations, so their methods vary widely.(0. ![]() This plugin does use a more complex algorithm to obfuscate the email. Enable Multi-factor Authentication: MFA renders a username/password pair useless to an attacker. The hex string represents the following ASCII text: Base64, Version1.0.0.0, Cultureneutral, PublicKeyTokennull Sending a POST request with a Base64 encoded IP and port will open a second socket to the supplied IP and port making this a Web proxy. I see the webpage code it simply substitutes the ASCII characters of the email.You should never actually know your own password. Most are free and none can be fooled into entering a password into a malicious site, no matter how seemingly authentic. Use a Password Manager: The best defense against most credential harvesting attacks is the use of a password manager.The techniques are typical of email obfuscation–many of them old–so there is no direct link between a threat actor and their methodology. Multiple Actors: Page obfuscation is now in use by multiple actors. And it can be easily reversed by a human or a specialized tool and original data can be recovered. ![]() Even simple techniques are successful today, but as these are eventually caught, more advanced methods will continue to remain effective. The solution: Obfuscate Currently, spambots are not capable of reading email addresses that are translated from ASCII to their UNICODE equivalents. Multiple Vulnerabilities: While categorized as a single method, attackers are using a variety of obfuscation techniques, so that there is no single vulnerability to close.Concealed Page Intent: Microsoft URL filters are unable to determine the intent of an obfuscated page, so a malicious email is allowed to reach the user inbox.Why are SiteCloak Obfuscation Techniques Effective? Result: If the user is not vigilant and provides their credentials, the user account is compromised.Payload: In most cases, the target page is a credential harvesting site, but because these techniques are now in widespread use by a number of organizations, they are independent of the purpose of the page.Most are capable of fooling Microsoft's scanners. This behavior is widespread, using a variety of methods of varying levels of sophistication from multiple threat actors. Email Attack: Attackers are hiding the intent of the target page using a variety of obfuscation techniques.Background: In order to identify a malicious URL within an email, Microsoft will follow a link to scan the target page for potential malware or phishing behavior.Technique: Obfuscation of Credential Harvesting Page What is a SiteCloak Attack? Quick Summary of Obfuscation Attack TargetĮmail Security: Exchange Online Protection and Advanced Threat Protection This behavior is widespread, using a variety of techniques from multiple threat actors. It is a tool useful for anyone creating and editing web pages. These SiteCloak methods bypass Microsoft’s real-time URL-filtering scanners by obfuscating the credential-harvesting page. Email Obfuscator creates email links using ‘obfuscated’ code ready to be used in your html web pages. We are seeing a rise in the number of phishing attacks that bypass Office 365 due to the attackers’ use of obfuscation techniques on the credential harvesting website. ![]() AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |